The Mughal dynasty, which ruled significant parts of the Indian subcontinent from the early 16th to the mid-19th century, was founded by Babur in 1526. Tracing their lineage to both Timur and Genghis Khan, the Mughals established a rich cultural and political legacy. Here's an overview of the primary emperors and their familial connections:

1. Babur (Reign: 1526–1530):

 

  • Founder of the Mughal Empire in India.
  • Father of Humayun.

2. Humayun (Reign: 1530–1540, 1555–1556):

 

  • Son of Babur.
  • Faced challenges consolidating the empire.
  • Father of Akbar.

3. Akbar (Reign: 1556–1605):

 

  • Son of Humayun.
  • Known for expanding the empire and promoting cultural integration.
  • Father of Jahangir.

4. Jahangir (Reign: 1605–1627):

 

  • Son of Akbar.
  • Continued his father's policies and patronized the arts.
  • Father of Shah Jahan.

5. Shah Jahan (Reign: 1628–1658):

 

  • Son of Jahangir.
  • Commissioned the construction of the Taj Mahal.
  • Father of Aurangzeb.

6. Aurangzeb (Reign: 1658–1707):

 

  • Son of Shah Jahan.
  • Expanded the empire to its greatest extent but faced internal strife.
  • Father of Bahadur Shah I.

7. Bahadur Shah I (Reign: 1707–1712):

 

  • Son of Aurangzeb.
  • His reign marked the beginning of the empire's decline.

The subsequent Mughal rulers experienced diminishing power and influence, leading up to Bahadur Shah II (Zafar), the last emperor, who was deposed following the Indian Rebellion of 1857.

 

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